Signals
Time Order
First,... First of all,... Second,... Third,... Next,... After that,... Then ... Finally,...
Space Order
On the right,... On the left,... In the center,... In the middle,...
Next to the
Between the_
Opposite the_
Near the_,
Under the_,
Above the_,
On one side of the_
On the other side of the
Conclusions
For these reasons,...
Listing
First,... First of all,... Second,... Third,... Fourth,... Also,... ...also... In addition,...
Reasons
The first reason is (that)... The second reason is (that) ... The most important reason is (that)...
Examples
Opinions
In my opinion,... In my view,... According to_, ...
Appendix D: Sometimes a word is too long to fit on a line, so you must divide the word Word write part of it on one line and the rest of it on the next line below (after
Division skipping a line, of course!). Put a hyphen (-) after the first part of the word.
Where should you divide a word? Here are some basic guidelines:
1. Always divide a word between syllables. If you are not sure where the syllables are, look the word up in a dictionary. A dictionary shows syllabic divisions with a small dot:
irvterna-tiotval com-mu-ni-ca-tion sci-ence class-mate re-write house (cannot be divided)
Here are two hints:
a. Divide after a vowel:
ho-nor (not horror) spe-cial (not spec-ial)
ra-pid (not rap-id) deco-rate (not dec orate)
b. Divide between a double consonant (mm, nn, 11, pp, etc.):
col-lege embarrass corn-mute sit-ting
but keep word roots together:
tall-est sell-ing
2. Divide hyphenated words (part-time, mother-in-law, only after the hyphen:
mother-in-law (not mo-ther-in-law)
3. Leave at least two letters on a line. For example, don't divide these words:
e-rase wind-y
Appendix E
Dividing Words
Use a dictionary to do this exercise. Work by yourself or with a partner.
1. Show with hyphens where these words can be divided. Look them up in a dictionary if you are not sure.
2. Some words cannot be divided; put an X in the space next to them.
j. paragraph k. book
1. bookstore m. unfortunate n. reading o. microwave p. appointment q. non-credit r. businessman
Appendix E: Parts of Speech
Students and teachers use special vocabulary to talk about grammar and sentence structure. Each word in a sentence has a name that tells what kind of word it is. These names are the parts of speech.
parts of speech
Noun Names a person, place, or thing; is used as a subject or as an object |
Alice, book, friendship, fear, island, Cuba Alice wrote a book of poems for her friend. |
Pronoun Replaces a noun |
he, 1, them, it, ours, yours, us, this, |
that | |
She wroteJt for him. |
Verb |
Tells action, feeling, |
write, is writing, wrote, was |
condition |
writing, can write, has written, is | |
going to write | ||
How many paragraphs have we | ||
written? | ||
1 am going to write a letter tonight | ||
or |
Links the subject |
is, was, has been, seem, appear, feel, |
with the rest of |
look, taste, smell | |
the sentence |
The old man appeared to be sleeping. | |
(Note: To be is an infinitive. It is | ||
not like a verb that can change its | ||
form.) | ||
Article |
Makes a noun |
the (specific), a, an (general) |
specific or general |
Please take a seat in the front row. | |
Adjective |
Describes a noun |
red, hungry, fourth, three, Cuban, |
or pronoun |
afraid | |
Three daring students were smoking | ||
Cuban cigars in the school office, but | ||
they weren't afraid of getting caught | ||
Adverb |
Describes a verb, |
beautifully, easily, quickly, very, too, |
adjective, or another |
here, there, everywhere | |
adverb; tells how, |
now, then, later, often, sometimes | |
where, or when |
The students put out their cigars very | |
quickly and left there immediately. | ||
Preposition |
Shows a relationship |
in, on, at, around, from, by, with, of, |
such as time, |
because of, next to, according to | |
location, reason |
(2 words) | |
The headmaster of the school came | ||
into the room and looked under the | ||
table for the students. |
Coordinating conjunction |
Connects equal elements |
and, but, or, so, for, nor, yet He didn't find them, so he left |
Subordinating conjunction |
Is the first word in a dependent clause; it makes the clause dependent |
when, because, if, although, who, which, that He didn't find them because they had already left |
Practice identifying the parts of speech in any of the sentences in this book.

Project Management Made Easy
What you need to know about… Project Management Made Easy! Project management consists of more than just a large building project and can encompass small projects as well. No matter what the size of your project, you need to have some sort of project management. How you manage your project has everything to do with its outcome.
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