How are adverbs formed
We can distinguish three types of adverbs:
simple |
just, only, well, back, out, etc. |
compound |
therefore, hereby, herewith, etc. |
derivational (mostly derived from adjectives with -ly) |
equally, finally, markedly sideways, clockwise, northwards |
Adjectives ending in both -ic and -ical have adverbs ending in -ically. The exception is public (adverb: publicly).
adjective |
academic |
chemical |
geometric, geometrical |
electric, electrical* |
economic, economical* |
adverb |
academically |
chemically |
geometrically |
electrically |
economically |
* The adjectives with asterisks have different meanings:
- electric: used with names of particular machines, e.g. electric motor, electric blanket
- electrical: used before more general words, e.g. electrical appliances, electrical engineering
- economic: refers to the science of economics or the economy of a country, e.g. economic theory, economic problems
- economical: means 'not wasting money', e.g. an economical car (= cheap to run)
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ulrich7 years ago
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